dynamic/tonal range (In French étendue des tons) difference in brightness between the lightest and the darkest tone values in a reference or of an input device that can detect this difference.

dynamic color measurement (In French mesure colorimétrique dynamique) spectral or camera-based measurement of colorimetric variables on a moving object (print sheet, web); opposite: static measurement (on a stationary sheet/web section).

dye, dyestuff (In French colorant) several classes of mostly synthetic color agents, which unlike pigments, which color the objects fully, only color up the objects; about 7000 dyes are classified in the Color Index.

duplex, duo-tone (In French double-ton, duplex) Image with a high-contrast single-color black structure, which is underlaid with a flat chromatic color. Depending on the desired effect, the chromatic color can intervene in part-areas of the gradation or at all tone value levels.

DTP, desktop publishing (In French PAO, publication assistée par ordinateur) “Publishing from the desktop”; form of digital document creation which at the beginning of the 90s replaced the earlier form of production with dedicated, manufacturer-specific closed hardware-software systems. This created the necessity and at the same time the opportunity to make production color-consistent with data exchange between open systems (color management), which led to the establishment of ICC in 1993.

drying by oxidation (In French séchage par oxydation) chemical drying principle of offset printing inks through oxygen bridge bonding between the binding agent molecules.

drying behavior (In French vitesse de séchage) adaptation by the manufacturer of the printability and drying properties of a mainly oxidatively drying printing ink with the help of additional substances to the technical printing conditions and substrates, e.g. duct-fresh (encre fraîche), roller-fresh (encre demi-fraîche) and penetrating (encre siccative). Drying behavior embodies the best possible compromise between problem-free printability (no drying in the inking unit) and good drying.

dryback (In French virage) difference in color density values resulting from the densitometric measurement of the damp (higher) and the dried (lower) printing ink.

dropout colors (In French couleurs aveugles) colors that are not detected by a grayscale scanner or black-and-white copier; application: forms for automatic document scanning.

dpi, dots per inch (In French ppp, points par pouce) Unit of measure for the resolution of output devices

downsampling (In French sous-échantillonnage) reduction with losses of the number of pixels in an image file when the format is reduced in size. The reduction of color depth (e.g. from 16 to 8 bits per color channel) is also often referred to as downsampling.

dot/screen percentage, halftone/screen value (In French pourcentage de trame, valeur de trame) relation between screen density and solid density (Murray-Davies formula), possibly taking account of the light trap (Yule-Nielsen correction). Print and tonal value increase characteristic curves, which as tone reproduction curves (TRC) are important components of color management, refer to dot percentages.

dot gain, tone value increase (TVI) (In French augmentation de la valeur tonale (AVT), élargissement du point de trame) in tone value transmission processes, generally prevalent change in tone values between dataset and print. When chromatic tone values are being transmitted, chromaticity shifts occur; with more exact knowledge of the transmission process, however, these can be taken into account to achieve the desired color rendering. Cause: dot widening in offset printing, depending on the printing…

dithering (In French juxtaposition (de pixels)) 1) Scattered screening through error diffusion 2) unpractical pixel scatter with which the missing chromatic color shares are reproduced from available color shares.

Display (In French écran) 1) Monitor, today using LCD TFT technology; characterization through ICC reproduction profiles. 2) (In French support de PLV) advertising material with more or less complicated design, which at the same time can serve as transportation packaging and/or goods shelf; this highly specialized product of the packaging printing and folding box industries often represents part of an advertising campaign (at the “Point of Sale”) and on account of the consistently uniform design…

display profile (In French profil moniteur/d’écran) ICC profile calculated from characterization data recorded with a display colorimeter. Such software profiles are considerably less accurate than a hardware calibration with 10, 12 or 14 bits.