iteration (In French itération) step by step approximation to an ideal target; ICC profiles can also be improved in several iteration cycles, e.g. very elegantly with MMS Print Production Server.

IT8 targets (In French mires de contrôle IT8) IT8.7/1 Color transmission version, IT8.7/2 Color reflection version (both ISO 12641), IT8.7/3 Output test print format (ISO 12642; in Europe ECI2002 instead).

ISO, International Organization for Standardization (In French Organisation internationale de normalisation) committee that commissions groups of experts to develop worldwide valid standards; for the graphics industry Technical Committee 130

IR, infrared, heat (In French infrarouges, chaleur) band of invisible wavelengths which are used in the printing industry for the heat drying of printing inks and varnishes, as well as in the thermoimaging of printing plates.

IPS, In-Plane Switching (In French liquid crystal deflection in active matrix displays) in which the electrodes are side by side in one plane parallel with the display surface and in which the molecules rotate in the screen plane when voltage is applied. IPS improves the viewing angle dependency of the contrast and achieves high color trueness and stability. Variants: S-IPS (Super-IPS), AS-IPS (Advanced Super IPS), H-IPS (Horizontal IPS), H-IPS A-TW (Advanced True White H-IPS). H-IPS…

inversion (In French inversion) conversion of the color data of a positive image into a negative image.

intuitive (In French intuitif) form of natural processing of color stimuli; human beings do not perceive color in an abstract way as a wavelength, but distinguish color shades “by inspiration”, by hue, saturation/chromaticness and brightness; intuitively understandable color space models (CIELCH) and color ordering systems (Munsell scale) are therefore also extremely userfriendly for graphic designers.

interpolation (In French interpolation) process for the creation of image contents between pixels (apparent increase in output resolution, without impairing output speed) or within individual pixels (increase in color depth) compared with the original dataset.

interinstrumental agreement (In French accord interinstrument) correspondence of the measured values within one series of measuring devices (manufacturing tolerances).

interference pigments (In French pigments interférentiels) colorless or colored pigments which develop their chromatic effect through total reflection in thin transparent layers; the best known are lustrous pigments (e.g. Merck Iriodin), silicon dioxide (color flop) and BASF Paliocolor (liquid crystals).

interchange color space, ICS (In French espace colorimétrique d’échange) color space for saving and transferring image data; usually media-neutral RGB, more rarely CIELAB or outputoriented CMYK.

input targeting (In French calibrage d’entrée) creation of so-called characterization data of input devices, in the course of which these photograph/scan a test chart (ISO 12641: transmitted version IT8.7/1, reflected version IT8.7/2) and compare the RGB data of the color fields in the image file (actual data) with the target data of the test chart using suitable software. These data can be used to create ICC input profiles which can later be embedded in all…

input device (In French dispositif d’entrée) device which records images in an RGB color space (digital camera, scanner, video camera, TV camera).

inkjet inks (In French encres pour impression jet d’encre) dispersions of dyes or pigments based on solvents or water containing hardly any binding agents; inkjet inks dry through solvent evaporation or UV radiation-curing.

inking, ink application (In French encrage, application de l’encre) the inking up of the print forme with the ink forme rollers.

inking-up (In French mise à la teinte) in the setup of a print job, the fastest possible and most waste-saving setup of normal inking or (in wet offset printing) the optimum balance between ink and dampening solution.

inking unit (In French dispositif d’encrage, groupe d’encrage) module in printing presses with the purpose of ink transfer; in offset printing a distinction is made between the conventional (“long”) inking unit and the short inking unit which KBA developed, among other things for waterless newspaper printing (Cortina).

inking (In French encrage) setting of the global and zonal ink feed (amenée d’encre) and its continuous visual or technical control as well as its correction during production printing.

ink trapping (In French accrochage/prise de l’encre) adhesion of two printing ink layers in wet-in-wet offset printing; measure for the mottling propensity (cloudiness) as well as for the ink splitting of the transferred printing ink between the blanket and the preceding printed layer of ink. Quantification procedure by which the solid densities of the individual inks and of the combined print with the filter of the second-printed ink are measured: ink trapping according to Preucil…

ink supply/feed systems (In French système d’alimentation en encre) easy-to-handle or automated solutions for filling the ink duct with little ink waste: cartridges including squeezing devices as well as pumps that transport the ink from large containers using pipes.