holographic inks (In French encres holographiques) printing inks with added aluminum reflecting particles, which show typical hologram (rainbow-like) and other lustrous effects. In conjunction with ready-made hologram graphics files, embossed holograms can be imitated. Examples of suppliers: Avery Dennison Metalure/Eckart Topstar (offset), Excalibur Glitter (screen printing), Flint HIP (UV flexo); on account of its suitability for security printing, usually only available for registered users.
HKS color guide (In French nuancier HKS) system jointly developed by the German manufacturers Hostmann-Steinberg (Huber group), K+E (Flint Group) and Schmincke Künstlerfarben for selecting special colors, which are provided by the manufacturers/trading partners as required as pure mixtures or can be mixed by the printers themselves from 9 basic colors + black and white. The color guides contain 88 basic colors, in the “3000+” version 3520 intuitive grades (88 × 40 shades), each with…
histogram (In French histogramme) frequency distribution of the tone values in a bitmap image; can be viewed and edited in every better image processing program, e.g. for increasing contrast (through spread) and white alignment.
highlights, light tones (In French hautes lumières) tone range 0 to 30% (quarter tones).
high-key image (In French image claire/surexposée) low-contrast image which only shows patterns in the quarter tones (high-light range) and therefore appears very light; in printing highly prone to fluctuations in color balance.
high fidelity color (In French HiFi-Color) multicolor printing in which the darkened CMY mixed colors RGB are replaced by independent color separation files/prints, which makes it possible to print true RGB tones. During color separation, the RGB printing inks are replaced with the CMY screen angles; the best-known high fidelity system for offset printing is Pantone Hexachrome, the furthest developed is ederMCS with several CMY and RGB tones. See also Küppers color theorie on pages…
hiding ability, opacity (In French couvrant, couvrabilité) ability of printing ink, formerly designated as covering ability/power, to cover the structure and hue of the substrate more or less well. The necessary minimum coating thickness is described in accordance with DIN 55943 with the covering ability value Dv (in m²/l) for the volume of liquid printing ink and Dm (in m²/kg) for the mass of dried inks, whereby a defined surface must be covered. Opposites: glazing…
heatset inks (In French encres heatset) printing inks for rotary offset presses with hot air drying; the binding agents contain special mineral oils which evaporate and vaporize when exposed to hot air and which are made to match the substrate (coated or uncoated) or to withstand abrasion. The drying status that can be achieved is determined by the dwell time and the temperature conditions in the hot-air dryer.
HDR, high dynamic range photography (In French photographie à grande gamme dynamique) unnaturally overmodulated contrasting in photographs; identical but differently exposed motifs are calculated together in special programs according to selectable algorithms to form an image; besides JPEG and TIFF, HDR formats are also written, e.g. HDRI or OpenEXR.
hardware calibration (In French calibrage de l’écran) calibration of a wide-gamut monitor according to certain target values; can be carried out far more precisely than a software calibration. The correction entries are effected directly in the monitor’s own color table (hardware LUT), e.g. with NEC with an accuracy of 14 bit = 16384 basic values. The LUT of the graphics card remains unaffected, which means that the video signal is not restricted and the color…
hard copy proof (In French épreuve papier) 1) all physically output test prints – unlike soft copy proof, which is only output on a color monitor; 2) printout printed on a linearized and ICC-profiled inkjet printer, simulating the results in the target printing process; possible requirements: contract-proofed and/or screen-proofed.
halftone dot shape (In French tramage) variation of the AM halftone dot shape between circle/square/cushion/barrel and ellipse/chain, to distribute the so-called dot touch (meeting of the square dot edges in medium tone 50%) among the quarter and three-quarter tones and thus to avoid tone value breaks; alternatively FM: random dot size and distribution to avoid annoying patterns (moiré). The halftone dot shape has a significant influence on color rendering and is one of the parameters…
German standard color chart (In French table des couleurs DIN) intuitive color order system (DIN 6164) in a spherical sector color solid with transparent, matt and glossy color test charts; parameters: T hue number from 1 yellow to 24 yellow green clockwise, S saturation degree from 0 achromatic to a maximum of 16, D darkness level from 0 white to 10 black; color difference formula
German Media Standard Print (In French German Media Standard Print) Instructions by the bvdm and the Fogra relating to contract color-proofed data and proof preparation in accordance with ISO 12647 as well as PDF/X data structuring.
generic (device) profile (In French profil generique) see Tables I-2 “ICC profiles classification” on page 56
GCR, gray component replacement (In French sélection achromatique de couleurs) color separation file of the UCR-modified chromatic composition, in which the CMY color separation shares in the entire range of the three-color gray are replaced by a “long black”. In UCR without gray component replacement, the gray components would only be replaced in the image depths with a “short black” – see also black.
gamut mapping (In French mappage des gammes, mise en concordance des couleurs) ICC color management procedure in the course of which a device color space is represented in another device color space. Mapping means that this transformation can be effected according to various regulations; see rendering intents, clipping
gamut (In French gamut) see color gamut
Fx, F index (In French indice F) abbreviation for fluorescent lamps which emit for example in the UV range (registered from 300 nm): F1 to F6 “normal lamps” (NL, lampes normales); F7 to F9 “broad-band lamps” (BL, lampes à bande large); F10 to F12: “three-band lamps” (TL, lampes à trois bandes), e.g. F11 “store light TL84”.
fundamental stimulus (In French stimulus de base) model for identifying a color perception on a value basis, resulting from the physiological measurement of the luminous efficiency of the retinal receptors (cones) responsible for daytime vision. From the Greek numbering of the 1st (proto), 2nd (deutero) and 3rd (trito) cone type come the designations of the fundamental stimuli P (cone releasing green dye, therefore recently also called M as in midwave), D (cone which is luminously…
